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<title>Database machine</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Database machine</span></span>

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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>A <b>database machines</b> or <b>back end processor</b> is a <a href="Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> or special <a href="Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">hardware</a> that stores and retrieves data from a <a href="Database" title="Database">database</a>. It is specially designed for database access and is tightly coupled to the main (<a href="Front_and_back_ends" class="mw-redirect" title="Front and back ends">front-end</a>) computer(s) by a high-speed channel,<sup id="cite_ref-foldoc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foldoc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas a <a href="Database_server" title="Database server">database server</a> is a general-purpose computer that holds a database and it's loosely coupled via a <a href="Local_area_network" title="Local area network">local area network</a> to its <a href="Client_(computing)" title="Client (computing)">clients</a>.

</p><p>Database machines can retrieve large amount of data using <a href="Parallel_computing" title="Parallel computing">hundreds to thousands</a> of <a href="Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessors</a> with <a href="DBMS" class="mw-redirect" title="DBMS">database software</a>. The front end processor asks the back end (typically sending a query expressed in a <a href="Query_language" title="Query language">query language</a>) the data and further processes it. The back end processor on the other hand analyzes and stores the data from the front end processor. Back end processors result in higher performance, increasing host <a href="Computer_memory" title="Computer memory">main memory</a>, increasing <a href="Data_recovery" title="Data recovery">database recovery</a> and <a href="Computer_security" title="Computer security">security</a>, and decreasing cost to manufacture.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p><a href="Britton_Lee%2C_Inc." title="Britton Lee, Inc.">Britton-Lee</a> (IDM), <a href="Tandem_Computers" title="Tandem Computers">Tandem</a> (<a href="NonStop_(server_computers)" title="NonStop (server computers)">Non-Stop System</a>), and <a href="Teradata" title="Teradata">Teradata</a> (<a href="DBC_1012" title="DBC 1012">DBC</a>) all offered early commercial specialized database machines.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more recent example was <a href="Oracle_Exadata" title="Oracle Exadata">Oracle Exadata</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_and_suggested_remedy">Criticism and suggested remedy</h2></div><p>

</p><p>According to <a href="Julie_McCann" title="Julie McCann">Julie McCann</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Finally, back in 1983 Boral predicted the demise of the Database Machine (DBM) and he was right to an extent [5].<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DBM <a href="Computer_architecture" title="Computer architecture">architectures</a> based on specialised hardware or tightly coupled to specific specialised machines were always going to be problematic. However as <a href="Component-based_software_engineering" title="Component-based software engineering">componentisation</a> dissolves the <a href="DBMS" class="mw-redirect" title="DBMS">DBMSs</a> architecture into components and that this is integrated, without boundaries, with the <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> (which in turn only activated the components that are required by the DB function, thus tailoring the architecture down to the <a href="Bare_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bare metal">metal</a>), means that at that instant the system becomes effectively a Database Machine but potentially without the problems of standardisation and portability of the past."</p></blockquote>

<ul><li><a href="Content_Addressable_File_Store" title="Content Addressable File Store">Content Addressable File Store</a> (CAFS)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><span class="citation foldoc">This article is based on material taken from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foldoc.org/Database+machine">Database+machine</a> at the <i><a href="Free_On-line_Dictionary_of_Computing" title="Free On-line Dictionary of Computing">Free On-line Dictionary of Computing</a></i> prior to 1 November 2008 and incorporated under the "relicensing" terms of the <a href="GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>, version 1.3 or later.</span></span>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFRicardo2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ricardo, Catherine M. (2002). "Database Machines". <i>Encyclopedia of Information Systems</i>. Academic Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">403–</span>410. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB0-12-227240-4%2F00027-7">10.1016/B0-12-227240-4/00027-7</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-12-227240-0</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMccann2003" class="citation conference cs1"><a href="Julie_McCann" title="Julie McCann">Mccann, Julie A.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cidrdb.org/cidr2003/program/p6.pdf">"The Database Machine: Old Story, New Slant?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>First Biennial Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research, CIDR 2003, Asilomar, CA, USA, January 5-8, 2003, Online Proceedings</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cidrdb.org/cidr2003/program/program.html">Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research (CIDR)</a> (1 ed.). Asilomar, CA, USA.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBoralDeWitt1983" class="citation report cs1">Boral, Haran; DeWitt, David J. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/58446?show=full">Database Machines: An Idea Whose Time Has Passed? A Critique of the Future of Database Machines</a> (Report).</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Berra, P. Bruce. “Data base machines.” <i>SIGIR Forum</i> 12, 3 (Winter 1977), 4–23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/1095317.1095318">https://doi.org/10.1145/1095317.1095318</a></li>

<li>Banerjee, Jayanta. “Data structuring and indexing for data base machines.” In <i>Proceedings of the fifth workshop on Computer architecture for non-numeric processing (CAW '80).</i> Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 11–16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/800083.802687">https://doi.org/10.1145/800083.802687</a></li>

<li>Song, Siang Wun. “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sites.computer.org/debull/81DEC-CD.pdf">A Survey and Taxonomy of Database Machines.</a>” <i>IEEE Database Eng. Bull.</i> 4 (1981): 3-13.</li>

<li>Hoffer, Jeffrey A.; Alexander, Mary B. “The diffusion of database machines.” <i>SIGMIS Database</i> 23, 2 (Spring 1992): 13–19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/141342.141352">https://doi.org/10.1145/141342.141352</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Database414" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Database" title="Database">Database</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Database#Major_database_usage_requirements" title="Database">Requirements</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_theory" title="Database theory">Theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_object" title="Database object">Database object</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_model" title="Database model">Models</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Database management system">Database management system</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_engine" title="Database engine">Engine</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_server" title="Database server">Server</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_application" title="Database application">Application</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_connection" title="Database connection">Connection</a>

<ul><li><a href="Datasource" title="Datasource">datasource</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_administrator" title="Database administrator">Administrator</a></li>

<li><a href="Synonym_(database)" title="Synonym (database)">Synonym</a></li>

<li>Types</li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_database_tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of database tools">Tools</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Database#Database_languages" title="Database">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Data_definition_language" title="Data definition language">Data definition</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_manipulation_language" title="Data manipulation language">Data manipulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Query_language" title="Query language">Query</a>

<ul><li><a href="Information_retrieval_query_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Information retrieval query language">information retrieval</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Database_security" title="Database security">Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Database_activity_monitoring" title="Database activity monitoring">Activity monitoring</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_audit" title="Database audit">Audit</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_forensics" title="Database forensics">Forensics</a></li>

<li><a href="Negative_database" title="Negative database">Negative database</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Database_design" title="Database design">Design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Entity%E2%80%93relationship_model" title="Entity–relationship model">Entities and relationships</a> (and <a href="Enhanced_entity%E2%80%93relationship_model" title="Enhanced entity–relationship model">Enhanced</a> notation)</li>

<li><a href="Database_normalization" title="Database normalization">Normalization</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_schema" title="Database schema">Schema</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_refactoring" title="Database refactoring">Refactoring</a></li>

<li><a href="Cardinality_(data_modeling)" title="Cardinality (data modeling)">Cardinality</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Database_abstraction_layer" title="Database abstraction layer">Abstraction layer</a></li>

<li><a href="Object%E2%80%93relational_mapping" title="Object–relational mapping">Object–relational mapping</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Database_virtualization" title="Database virtualization">Virtualization</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_tuning" title="Database tuning">Tuning</a>

<ul><li><a href="Database_caching" title="Database caching">caching</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Data_migration#Database_migration" title="Data migration">Migration</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_preservation" title="Database preservation">Preservation</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_integrity" class="mw-redirect" title="Database integrity">Integrity</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Lists_of_databases" title="Lists of databases">Lists of</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">Academic</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_biological_databases" title="List of biological databases">Biological</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_biodiversity_databases" title="List of biodiversity databases">Biodiversity</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_facial_expression_databases" title="List of facial expression databases">Facial expression</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_online_databases" title="List of online databases">Online</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_online_music_databases" title="List of online music databases">Online music</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_online_real_estate_databases" title="List of online real estate databases">Online real estate</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Database-centric_architecture" title="Database-centric architecture">Database-centric architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligent_database" title="Intelligent database">Intelligent database</a></li>

<li><a href="Two-phase_locking" title="Two-phase locking">Two-phase locking</a></li>

<li><a href="Locks_with_ordered_sharing" title="Locks with ordered sharing">Locks with ordered sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Database_publishing" title="Database publishing">Publishing</a></li>

<li><a href="Halloween_Problem" title="Halloween Problem">Halloween Problem</a></li>

<li><a href="Log_shipping" title="Log shipping">Log shipping</a></li></ul>

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